Changes in Social Relationships and Reciprocity in Autism: A Longitudinal Case Study

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.63345/ijrhs.net.v14.i9.2

Sreeshma V¹, Jimshil K^2,3, Devika P Kumar⁴

¹Clinical Psychologist, Ma’din Lifeshore, Advanced Paediatric and Adult Rehabilitation Center, Malappuram

²Phd research scholar, MAHGU

³Clinical Psychologist, MES College Medical College, Perinthalmanna

⁴Clinical Psychologist, Palakkad Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Walayar

Abstract— Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by core difficulties in the area of social relationships and reciprocity, which can affect the ability to interact with others, understand social cues, and engage in meaningful social exchanges. These challenges often influence the child’s communication, peer relationships, and participation in everyday social situations. The present study aimed to examine changes in social relationships and reciprocity in a child with ASD over a period of five years. The study adopts a longitudinal study design to understand the developmental trajectory and changes in social functioning of a child diagnosed with ASD over the course of therapy. The child was initially assessed and diagnosed with ASD at the age of four years. Social Skills Training (SST) was provided with a focus on social interaction and communication skills. Parent involvement and structured home-based activities were also incorporated to facilitate the practice and generalization of learned skills across different settings. Progress was monitored through clinical observations, caregiver reports, therapy records, and periodic assessments. The findings of the study indicated gradual improvements in eye contact, social smile, communication, peer interaction, and reciprocal social engagement. The child showed increased interest in social situations and an enhanced ability to initiate and respond during social interactions. The findings shed light on the importance of structured long-term individualized intervention, along with the caregiver’s role in promoting social development in children with ASD. The findings also highlight the importance of early identification and intervention in gradual social and adaptive development.

Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, social relationships, social reciprocity, social skills training, longitudinal case study

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