Developmental Variations in Organogenesis Under Experimentally Induced Environmental Stress

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.63345/ijrhs.net.v10.i8.1

Syed Feroze Ahamed

Anjuman-E-Islams

Nehru Arts Science and Commerce College

Ganthikeri, Hubballi, Karnataka, India

Abstract— Environmental stress can alter plant growth, cellular differentiation, and the developmental decisions that determine whether wounded tissues produce roots, shoots, callus, or other regenerative structures. The present study examined the effects of experimentally induced osmotic, salinity, and temperature stress on organogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyl explants cultured under controlled in vitro conditions. Explants were divided into four treatment groups: control, osmotic stress, salinity stress, and heat stress. Osmotic stress was imposed using mannitol, salinity stress using sodium chloride, and temperature stress by short-term exposure to elevated temperature. Following stress treatment, explants were transferred to a standardized regeneration medium and evaluated for callus formation, shoot regeneration, root regeneration, time to visible organ initiation, and fresh biomass. The control treatment produced the highest callus induction (86.7%), shoot regeneration (70.0%), and root regeneration (83.3%). All three stress treatments reduced regenerative performance, with heat stress producing the greatest overall inhibition. Shoot regeneration decreased to 53.3%, 40.0%, and 33.3% under osmotic, salinity, and heat stress, respectively. One-way analysis of variance indicated significant treatment effects on callus induction, shoot regeneration, root regeneration, and fresh biomass (p < 0.001). The results suggest that environmental stress does not simply suppress regeneration uniformly but modifies the developmental competence of explants, with different stressors producing different degrees of impairment. The findings are consistent with established evidence that abiotic stress affects auxin and cytokinin signaling, cell proliferation, water relations, and regenerative reprogramming. The study demonstrates the usefulness of controlled organogenesis assays for examining developmental plasticity under environmental stress.

Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana; organogenesis; abiotic stress; osmotic stress; salinity; heat stress; tissue culture; regeneration; auxin; cytokinin

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