Effectiveness of Core Stabilization Exercises in Lower Back Pain Rehabilitation

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Anurag Gupta

Sc. (Chemistry) B. Ed.

Government Senior Secondary School

Tehsil  Camp, Panipat (132103)

ag4040115@gmail.com

Abstract— Core stabilization exercises (CSE) are widely prescribed in rehabilitation programs for individuals with chronic and recurrent lower back pain (LBP), aiming to enhance neuromuscular control, spinal stability, and functional performance. This prospective randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a six-week CSE protocol compared to general exercise (GE) in 100 adults with non-specific LBP. Participants were randomly assigned to CSE (n = 50) or GE (n = 50) groups and underwent supervised sessions three times per week. Primary outcomes included pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale), disability (Oswestry Disability Index), and core muscle endurance (plank and side-bridge hold times), assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes comprised lumbar kinematics during functional tasks and patient satisfaction. The CSE group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in pain (mean ΔVAS = –3.2 vs. –1.8; p < 0.001) and disability (mean ΔODI = –15.4% vs. –8.7%; p < 0.001) and superior improvements in core endurance (plank +42 s vs. +18 s; side-bridge +28 s vs. +12 s; both p < 0.001). Kinematic analysis revealed enhanced lumbar control in the CSE cohort during bending and lifting tasks (p < 0.01). Benefits were maintained at follow-up. These findings support CSE as a more effective intervention than general exercise for reducing pain, improving function, and augmenting core stability in LBP rehabilitation.

Keywords— Lower back pain, core stabilization, spinal stability, exercise therapy, neuromuscular control, Oswestry Disability Index

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